Millions of Americans will feel record high temperatures this week as a large heat wave sweeps across the southern U.S. During this time and throughout the summer months, parents, caregivers and communities must be extra careful to ensure children are protected from these extreme heat conditions.
Children and Pregnant People are Extra Sensitive
Compared to adults, children spend more time outdoors, running, swimming, playing games and sports that expose them to high temperatures. Their bodies’ natural defenses and abilities to regulate heat are still developing, so the consequences of extreme heat can occur quickly, last longer and be more severe.
Like children, people who are pregnant are more prone to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat exposure has been linked with low birth weight, preterm birth and stillbirth in the United States. Pregnant people should follow the same tips as children, listed below.
What to Do When Temperatures Rise
Start with Prevention
- Keep children inside or out of direct sun;
- Move outdoor activities indoors or to the morning and evening instead of mid-day;
- Dress in loose, lightweight and light-colored clothing; and
- Practice sun safety including seeking shade, wearing sunscreen and protective clothing and avoiding burns.
Keep Hydrated
Children are more likely to become dehydrated than adults because they can lose fluid more quickly. Make sure children are drinking plenty of fluids before, during and after periods of time in extreme heat.
Recognize Heat Illnesses
Signs of heat illness or heat exhaustion can include:
- Flushed skin,
- Dizziness,
- Headache, or fatigue; and
- Weakness or muscle cramps.
Many of these symptoms can be treated at home with fluids and rest. If these symptoms are ignored, heatstroke can develop. Heatstroke symptoms include:
- Hot, flushed skin;
- Rapid, strong pulse;
- High fever, little to no sweating; and
- Dizziness, confusion or unconsciousness.
Heatstroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate professional attention. Children aren’t always in tune with their bodies to know when to take breaks, so it’s vital for adults to look out for these signs.
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